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JavaScript is a formidable language, yet it can sometimes act unpredictably, particularly when it comes to numbers. An essential aspect that every programmer should grasp is how JavaScript processes significant integers and where its accuracy begins to falter. In this article, we will delve into the highest integer value that JavaScript can manage safely without compromising precision and explore methods for correctly handling large integers.

Table of Contents:

• JavaScript Number System
• Highest Safe Integer in JavaScript
• The Issue of Precision Loss
• How to Properly Handle Large Integers
  • Utilizing BigInt
• Contrasting Number And BigInt
• Best Practices
• Conclusion

JavaScript Number System

JavaScript implements the IEEE 754 specification for floating-point calculations, which implies that all numbers are characterized as 64-bit floating-point values. While JavaScript’s numeric system functions effectively for most circumstances, it encounters challenges with extensive numbers or extremely large quantities.

Highest Safe Integer in JavaScript

In JavaScript, the maximal integer that can be depicted without losing precision is termed as Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER. This value equates to 9007199254740991 or (2⁵³ – 1). You can verify this in your web browser by entering the following code:

Syntax:

console.log(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER);

This number signifies the final integer that JavaScript can represent accurately. Exceeding this threshold may lead to unexpected results with addition or subtraction operations due to precision loss.

The Issue of Precision Loss

Once you surpass the Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER value, JavaScript is unable to provide precise outcomes. Let’s illustrate this with an instance:

Example:

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editor92432.setOptions({ maxLines: Infinity });

function decodeHTML92432(input) { var doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(input, “text/html”); return doc.documentElement.textContent; }

// Function to copy code to clipboard function copyCodeToClipboard92432() { const code = editor92432.getValue(); // Get code from the editor navigator.clipboard.writeText(code).then(() => { // alert(“Code copied to clipboard!”);

jQuery(“.maineditor92432 .copymessage”).show(); setTimeout(function() { jQuery(“.maineditor92432 .copymessage”).hide(); }, 2000); }).catch(err => { console.error(“Error copying code: “, err); }); }

function runCode92432() {

var code = editor92432.getSession().getValue();

jQuery(“#runBtn92432 i.run-code”).show(); jQuery(“.output-tab”).click();

jQuery.ajax({ url: “https://intellipaat.com/blog/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php”, type: “post”,

data: { language: “js”, code: code, cmd_line_args: “”, variablenames: “”, action:”compilerajax” }, success: function(response) { var myArray = response.split(“~”); var data = myArray[1];

jQuery(“.output92432”).html(“

"+data+"");
									jQuery(".maineditor92432 .code-editor-output").show();
									jQuery("#runBtn92432 i.run-code").hide();
									
								}
							})
					

						}
						
						
		function closeoutput92432() {	
		var code = editor92432.getSession().getValue();
		jQuery(".maineditor92432 .code-editor-output").hide();
		}

    // Attach event listeners to the buttons
    document.getElementById("copyBtn92432").addEventListener("click", copyCodeToClipboard92432);
    document.getElementById("runBtn92432").addEventListener("click", runCode92432);
    document.getElementById("closeoutputBtn92432").addEventListener("click", closeoutput92432);
 
    

Output:



Explanation: In both scenarios, the same outcome is yielded, which is incorrect. This illustrates the issue of precision loss. One might anticipate 9007199254740993, yet JavaScript outputs the identical result for each line.

An analogous outcome arises if you conduct a comparison of the numbers that surpass the Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER value. 

Example:


			

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function closeoutput3152() { var code = editor3152.getSession().getValue(); jQuery(".maineditor3152 .code-editor-output").hide(); }

// Bind event listeners to the buttons document.getElementById("copyBtn3152").addEventListener("click", copyCodeToClipboard3152); document.getElementById("runBtn3152").addEventListener("click", runCode3152); document.getElementById("closeoutputBtn3152").addEventListener("click", closeoutput3152);

Result:

Clarification: In this scenario, JavaScript displays true as the output, equating num1 and num2 . This is due to both num1 and num2 being positioned beyond MAX_SAFE_INTEGER.

Approach to Properly Manage Large Integers

If your tasks demand handling numbers exceeding MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, consider utilizing BigInt instead of Number. Let's illustrate this with an example:

Employing BigInt 

BigInt represents a novel primitive datatype in JavaScript that supports arbitrary-precision integers. To formulate a BigInt, simply add n to your number.

Sample:

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editor84342.setValue(decodedContent); // Initialize the text editor84342.clearSelection();

editor84342.setOptions({ maxLines: Infinity });

function decodeHTML84342(input) { var doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(input, "text/html"); return doc.documentElement.textContent; }

// Function to copy code to clipboard function copyCodeToClipboard84342() { const code = editor84342.getValue(); // Fetch code from the editor navigator.clipboard.writeText(code).then(() => { jQuery(".maineditor84342 .copymessage").show(); setTimeout(function() { jQuery(".maineditor84342 .copymessage").hide(); }, 2000); }).catch(err => { console.error("Error copying code: ", err); }); }

function runCode84342() {

var code = editor84342.getSession().getValue();

jQuery("#runBtn84342 i.run-code").show(); jQuery(".output-tab").click();

jQuery.ajax({ url: "https://intellipaat.com/blog/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php", type: "post", data: { language: "js", code: code, cmd_line_args: "", variablenames: "", action: "compilerajax" }, success: function(response) { ``````javascript function(response) { var myArray = response.split("~"); var data = myArray[1];

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"+data+"");
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    jQuery("#runBtn84342 i.run-code").hide();
}
})
}
function closeoutput84342() {    
    var code = editor84342.getSession().getValue();
    jQuery(".maineditor84342 .code-editor-output").hide();
}
// Bind event handlers to the buttons
document.getElementById("copyBtn84342").addEventListener("click", copyCodeToClipboard84342);
document.getElementById("runBtn84342").addEventListener("click", runCode84342);
document.getElementById("closeoutputBtn84342").addEventListener("click", closeoutput84342);

Result:

Clarification: With BigInt, JavaScript can now manage numbers that are significantly larger than MAX_SAFE_INTEGER without losing accuracy.

Contrasting Number And BigInt
Below is a comparison between Number and BigInt that assists you in handling values exceeding the MAX_SAFE_INTEGER without a loss of accuracy:

      
      
      
      


      

Attributes
Number
BigInt



Max Value
A number can hold values up to 9007199254740991.
No upper limit exists for the size of the number.



Type
It is categorized as a primitive data type.
It, too, is a primitive data type.



Operations
You may utilize it with the built-in Math library functions.
Cannot be used with Math functions.



Use-cases
Well-suited for common calculations.
Ideal for extensive integers and cryptography.





Optimal Practices
Outlined below are various optimal practices to adhere to when dealing with large integers in JavaScript:

• Utilize Number for standard numerical computations within MAX_SAFE_INTEGER.
• Adopt BigInt for managing exceedingly large integers where precise accuracy is necessary.
• Exercise caution while managing very large numbers in JavaScript as comparisons may not behave as anticipated.

Summary

JavaScript's Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER is instrumental in identifying the highest integer value where mathematical operations can be conducted without any loss of precision. Recognizing this constraint is vital to prevent unforeseen bugs, particularly in applications entailing financial operations, cryptography, and large datasets. Should you operate beyond the MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, utilizing BigInt is a more reliable option to guarantee precision.

JavaScript Max Integer Value – FAQs

The post JavaScript Highest Integer Value first appeared on Intellipaat Blog.

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