Arithmetic Operators in C++ are symbols employed to carry out mathematical computations. Additionally, these operators facilitate the incrementing and decrementing of variable values and can execute unary operations. In this article, we will explore the arithmetic operators in C++, their classifications, syntax, precedence, associativity, and examples within C++ programming.
Arithmetic operators in C++ refer to the operators utilized to conduct fundamental arithmetic tasks on variables or constants. They execute computations such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%).
Syntax of Arithmetic Operators in C++
variable = value1 arithmetic_operator value2;
Where:
value1 and value2 represent numerical values or variables.
arithmetic_operator denotes one of the arithmetic operators.
and variable holds the computed result.
Types of Arithmetic Operators in C++
Arithmetic operators in C++ can be categorized into three groups based on the operations they execute.
1. Basic Arithmetic Operators
These arithmetic operators in C++ are employed to perform fundamental mathematical calculations.
Operator Name
Symbol
Description
Syntax
Addition
+
Combines two numbers
a + b
Subtraction
–
Removes the second from the first
a – b
Multiplication
*
Multiplies two numbers
a * b
Division
/
Divides the first by the second (quotient)
a / b
Modulus
%
Returns the remainder from the division
a % b
2. Unary Arithmetic Operators
Unary arithmetic operators are those that function on a single operand. They accept just one value and perform actions on it.
Operator Name
Symbol
Description
Syntax
Unary Plus
+
Denotes a positive value (has no effect)
+a
Unary Minus
–
Negates the value (turns positive to negative and vice versa)
-a
3. Increment and Decrement Operators
These arithmetic operators are utilized to elevate and reduce the value of a variable by 1.
Operator Name
Symbol
Description
Syntax
Pre-Increment
++a
Increases value by 1 before usage
++a
Post-Increment
a++
Uses value first, then increases by 1
a++
Pre-Decrement
–a
Reduces the value by 1 prior to usage
–a
Post-Decrement
a–
Utilizes value first, then decreases by 1
a–
Basic Arithmetic Operators
Let’s briefly cover each of the basic arithmetic operators with examples in C++.
1. Addition (+)
The addition operator in C++ sums two numbers or operands.
Example:
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Output:
The snippet illustrates how the subtraction operator is utilized to deduct two integers, a = 8 and b = 3, with the outcome of 5 being displayed as output in the console.
3. Multiplication (*)
The multiplication operator in C++ is employed to multiply two values.
Example:
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The code demonstrates how the multiplication operator combines two integers, a and b, with values 8 and 5, subsequently printing the resulting 40 to the console.
4. Division (/)
The division operator in C++ performs division of the first value by the second, yielding the quotient as a result.
Example:
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Output:
The code illustrates how the division operator accomplishes the division of integer a = 20 by integer b = 4, with the output of 5 displayed in the console.
5. Modulus (%) Operator
The modulus operator in C++ provides the remainder from dividing two integers. It exclusively operates on integer data types.
Example:
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Output:
The code demonstrates how the modulus operator works to obtain the...
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The remainder is 2 when the two integers a = 20 and b = 3 are divided.
Priority and Evaluation of Arithmetic Operators in C++
The priority determines the sequence of operations executed by the operator, while the evaluation of an operator ascertains the sequence in which that operator is processed.
Operator
Type of Operator
Priority
Evaluation
+
Unary Plus
Highest
Right to Left
–
Unary Minus
Highest
Right to Left
*
Multiplication
Highest
Left to Right
/
Division
High
Left to Right
%
Modulus
High
Left to Right
+
Addition
Low
Left to Right
–
Subtraction
Lowest
Left to Right
C++ Illustration of Unary Arithmetic Operators
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Result:
The snippet illustrates how the unary plus operator retains the value of a, whereas the unary minus operator inverts the value of a.
C++ Illustration of Increment and Decrement Operators
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The code illustrates how ++a and –a first modify the values and then assign them, while a++ and a– first assign the value and subsequently modify it. The results of all operations are then displayed in the console.
Conclusion
Arithmetic operators in C++ are crucial for executing various types of mathematical tasks, such as addition and subtraction. These operators can also be utilized to increment and decrement the values of variables. Moreover, they have a defined order of precedence and associativity. By comprehending how these operators function along with their precedence and associativity, one can easily conduct arithmetic calculations in C++ programming.
FAQs
Q1. What occurs if I divide a number by zero?
Dividing a number by zero will result in a runtime error.
Q2. Can modulus be applied to floating-point numbers?
No, the modulus operator cannot be used with floating-point numbers. Therefore, you should use fmod() from <cmath> for floating points.
Q3. What differentiates a++ from ++a?
The distinction between a++ and ++a is that a++ returns the value first, followed by incrementing, whereas ++a increments first.
Q4. Why does integer division ignore decimals?
Integer division retains only the whole number.
Q5. How can you alter operator precedence?
To change the operator precedence, use parentheses ().
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