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Cybersecurity analysts have identified signs of collaboration between two Russian hacking factions, Gamaredon and Turla, aiming at and jointly compromising Ukrainian organizations.

Slovak cybersecurity firm ESET reported that it detected the utilization of Gamaredon tools PteroGraphin and PteroOdd to implement the Turla group’s Kazuar backdoor on a terminal in Ukraine in February 2025, suggesting that Turla is highly probable.

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