Reasons employers seek individuals with high emotional intelligence

A recent publication titled “The Future of Jobs” by the World Economic Forum revealed that while critical thinking remains the most sought-after skill among employers, numerous emotional intelligence abilities (such as motivation, self-awareness, empathy, and active listening) rank within the top 10 of a list comprising 26 fundamental competencies.

In this moderated dialogue with Ron Siegel, assistant professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School, he articulates why emotional intelligence attributes are vital in professional settings, particularly in the era of AI.

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What constitutes emotional intelligence? Is it an alternative form of intellect?

It represents a type of intellect, though it diverges from our conventional understanding of intelligence. In recent times, psychologists who examine intelligence have recognized the existence of various types of intelligence. For example, an individual with natural athletic prowess may possess a form of bodily or coordination intelligence, while someone with innate mathematical talent may exhibit significant mathematical intelligence, among others.

When we survey human behaviors in the developed world, where many enjoy basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter, we still witness significant unrest and dissatisfaction. Much of this turmoil revolves around the difficulties of managing our emotions as human beings and, in particular, the intricacies of our responses in relationships. Emotional intelligence constitutes the skill of identifying one’s own emotions, effectively managing those feelings, and avoiding reactions that could lead to complications. It also requires recognizing the emotions in others, thus enabling collaboration to resolve conflicts or foster harmonious interactions.

Why do employers view emotional intelligence as among the most essential skills for success in the workplace?

The significance of emotional competence stems from observations made in the corporate sector, in academia, the military, and across all human endeavors. Many individuals excel in technical and analytical disciplines; however, when they engage with others, projects often come to a standstill. A substantial amount of resources are squandered due to emotional misunderstandings or difficulties related to emotional regulation. Humans are exceptionally inefficient in their endeavors, as a large portion of our energy is expended on maintaining our image or ensuring we are perceived in a specific manner, often leading to emotional triggers. Business leaders appear to have recognized that acquiring technical expertise in numerous areas is relatively straightforward, while sourcing individuals who can empathize and connect effectively with one another presents a considerable challenge. In many projects, there’s a growing acknowledgment that this talent will ultimately drive success.

Could you discuss the progression of the emotional intelligence concept since Daniel Goleman, Ph.D. ’74, published his 1995 book “Emotional Intelligence”?

People have been aware of this principle for quite some time. Western industrialized societies have predominantly prioritized other forms of intelligence, such as logical reasoning, mathematical capacity, and entrepreneurial talents, often at the expense of relational skills and the ability to connect emotionally with others. Over the years, psychologists have become increasingly cognizant of a considerable cultural bias toward specific types of intelligence while undervaluing others, leading them to investigate emotional intelligence more critically. Following the release of Goleman’s influential book, society began to realize that numerous individuals may boast high SAT and GRE scores yet struggle to prosper in life or achieve success in their careers. Investigating why reveals that they often lack the ability to manage their own emotions, interpret the emotions of others, and foster effective relationships, whereas others with lower test scores may excel in understanding social dynamics and successfully lead teams. There is a mounting recognition that emotional intelligence holds significant value, even for external, goal-oriented pursuits.

Are emotional intelligence skills relevant in the era of AI?

As individuals gradually shift to interacting with chatbots instead of real people to accomplish tasks, I foresee that sincere, meaningful human interactions will become increasingly vital. Humans are inherently social creatures—we yearn for connection. Isolation from the group is profoundly distressing. This instinct persists in our primate heritage, and I predict that as life embraces more AI interactions, even if these systems mimic human responses well, people will still crave authentic, natural communication. My hope is that genuine connections will be valued over preferring time with chatbots merely because “My chatbot is far more complimentary than my spouse or is more adaptable to my preferences.” I aspire for us not to settle for chatbots purely due to their capability to flatter our egos.

“As individuals gradually shift to interacting with chatbots instead of real people to accomplish tasks, I foresee that sincere, meaningful human interactions will become increasingly vital.”

What are the key components of emotional intelligence? How can we enhance our emotional competence?

The primary element is self-awareness, which involves being mindful of our own thoughts, emotions, and internal experiences. It encompasses the recognition that even the simplest interactions evoke numerous feelings and memories from all aspects of our lives. The second crucial area is self-regulation, referring to the ability to handle our emotions in a constructive manner. This implies that we can experience a full range of emotions without becoming overwhelmed. The third major component is social awareness or empathy, which entails noticing what is unfolding in others. This requires sufficient detachment from self-centered concerns to recognize that others possess needs, wishes, fears, and wounds, enabling us to respond aptly. The fourth significant component is social skills, which involve collaborating effectively within teams, resolving conflicts, and facilitating cooperation among members.

Emotional competence is essential in our personal lives as well. As a clinical psychologist, I recognize that most individuals face challenges not due to their inability to solve technical problems but because they struggle to navigate relationships with their children, parents, partners, siblings, neighbors, or friends. How do we alleviate emotional distress and cultivate a sense of safety and love in our connections? That remains our major challenge.